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Learn how to read a compass
Knowing how to read a compass is an essential skill for all wilderness backpackers. A compass is the basic tool for finding direction in the wilderness.
With a compass you can determine the bearing. A bearing is the direction from your position or degree reading to another object. You can measure the bearing on a map, or if you can see your objective, directly in the field.
Bearing in the field
Knowing how to use a compass by taking a bearing in the field can be useful, if for example you are heading into a valley where forest will hide your goal. Take a bearing on your objective while you can see it and then follow that bearing after you lose sight of your goal : 1. Hold the magnetic compass in your hand. Hold it quite flat, so that the needle can turn.
2. Point direction of travel line at desired object.
3. Rotate housing to align then pointed end of declination arrow with the red end (North) of the magnetic needle.
4. Read bearing at index line.
5. The direction of travel arrow now points precisely to your destination. Look up. Sight on a landmark and walk to it. Repeat this procedure until you reach your destination. Using this pattern you will follow a relatively straight line.
Bearing on a map
If you cannot see your objective in the field you need to measure the bearing on a map :
1. Place the compass on map with the edge along the desired line of travel. Direction of travel line points to objective.
2. Rotate housing to align meridian lines with north-south lines on map, with "N" toward top of map.
3. Hold the compass level in front of you and turn your body until the red end of the needle is directly over the red part of the north arrow
4. Read bearing at index line.
5. The direction of travel arrow now points precisely to your objective. Now use the same procedure as above - Bearing in the field, step 5.
Finding direction is easy and quick
How to read a compass and finding direction by taking a bearing is a straight forward process once you have learnt it.
Disoriented
If you can't point out your actual position on the map, locate yourself by
cross-bearing.
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